基于方志资料重建1644-1949年长江三角洲地区台风频次序列(英文)     

张向萍  叶瑜  方修琦 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(5):810-824

The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period.In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons,time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed.The conclusions are as follows.(1) There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD.Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD,the number of typhoons was 65,equal to 87.8% recorded by meteorological observation.The number of years with differences in typhoon activities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55,reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD.This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years.(2) The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD,and they show an increasing trend.These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities:it is low from 1644 to 1784AD,and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD.It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period,which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD.(3) Before the 20th century,the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods.However,the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century.Comparing the typhoon activities with El Ni o events,the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Ni o occurred.  相似文献   

青藏地区入境旅游共生关系检验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

唐仲霞  马耀峰  魏颖 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):671-677

 由于区域背景和旅游区域合作的共生环境,青藏地区旅游在本质上存在一种共生关系。引入种群生态学中的共生理论,从定量评估的角度分析了青藏地区之间的共生关系,结果显示：青藏地区两共生单元之间存在正相关;共生单元之间的特征共生度均为“+”,表示青海和西藏两个共生单元为共生关系,且两个单元处于正向非对称共生状态;共生单元相关系数0.5＜θMa＜1,说明青海入境旅游对西藏的影响较大,而西藏入境旅游对青海的影响却较弱。说明地理邻近和历史关系结构邻近的青藏文化地理单元入境旅游之间紧密相关,存在较强的共生关系。  相似文献   

制度演进与城市旧城区更新活动的实证研究——以武汉市汉正街为例     

胡娟  罗静  余斌  吴郁玲 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(4):69-74

改革开放以来我国城市旧城区进行了若干次大规模的旧城更新活动,以武汉市汉正街为实证对象,将其更新活动分为3个阶段展开研究,总结分析各阶段国家权力结构调整、土地有偿制度深化和住房制度改革等社会制度环境的变化特征,探讨了社会制度发展在解决旧城问题上所发挥的作用及存在问题。结果表明:制度环境的变迁使旧城更新成为制度容易缺失的领域;制度目标的更迭使旧城更新渐成为公共领域与私人领域的利益争夺舞台;旧城更新的发展过程本质上是公权力与私权利交织的结果。  相似文献   

土地生态安全资源型关键地段识别——以黄河三角洲惠民县为例     

吴未  路平山  刘莉 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(1):71-74

资源型关键地段对于维护和控制区域土地生态系统安全具有关键性作用。通过构建一套资源型关键地段识别指标体系,在以行政区为基本识别单元的基础上,识别出行政单元内地类斑块尺度的资源型关键地段。将惠民县划分为6类地域,即关键地段、关键地段保护区、一般地段、干扰地段、干扰区及交汇区,分别占全县总面积的6.39%、19.70%、50.61%、7.93%、15.37%和6.89%。资源型关键地段所占比重小,反映出地区整体生态环境水平较低;一般地段基本以耕地为主,具有随季节交替变化、物种单一、稳定性差等特点;交汇区具有保护需求强烈和受干扰程度明显的双重特性,在现实土地利用与管理过程中需得到高度重视。  相似文献   

中国畜禽养殖的空间分析及分区研究(英文)   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

付强  诸云强  孔云峰  孙九林 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):1079-1100

The capacity of livestock breeding in China has increased rapidly since 1949, and the total output of meat, poultry and eggs maintains the world’s top first in recent 20 years. Livestock emissions and pollution is closely associated with its population and spatial distribution. This paper aims to investigate the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry breeding in China. Using statistical yearbook and agricultural survey in 2007, the county-level populations of livestock and poultry are estimated as equivalent standardized pig index (ESP), per cultivated land pig index (PCLP) and per capita pig index (PCP). With the help of spatial data analysis (ESDA) tools in Geoda and ArcGIS software, especially the Moran’s I and LISA statistics, the nationwide global and local clustering trends of the three indicators are examined respectively. The Moran’s I and LISA analysis shows that ESP and PCP are significantly clustering both globally and locally. However, PCLP is clustering locally but not significant globally. Furthermore, the thematic map series (TMS) and related gravity centers curve (GCC) are introduced to explore the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry in China. The indicators are classified into 16 levels, and the GCCs for the three indicators from level 1 to 16 are discussed in detail. For districting purpose, each interval between gravity centers of near levels for all the three indicators is calculated, and the districting types of each indicator are obtained by merging adjacent levels. The districting analysis for the three indicators shows that there exists a potential uniform districting scheme for China’s livestock and poultry breeding. As a result, the China’s livestock and poultry breeding would be classified into eight types: extremely sparse region, sparse region, relatively sparse region, normally sparse region, normal region, relatively concentrated region, concentrated region and highly concentrated region. It is also found that there exists a clear demarcation line between the concentrated and the sparse regions. The line starts from the county boundary between Xin Barag Left Banner and Xin Barag Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west coast of Dongfang County, Hainan Province.  相似文献   

CHANGES OF RIVER BED PATTERN OF A LOWLAND RIVER: EFFECT OF NATURAL PROCESSES OR ANTHROPOGENIC INTERVENTION?     

MARCIN SŁOWIK 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(3):301-320

GPR and aerial surveys were conducted to study changes of channel pattern in the lower course of the Obra River (western Poland). The river is an example of an intensive anthropogenic transformation, however, the origin of the river pattern changes in its lower course is not obvious. The GPR measurements were done using a georadar MALÅ ProEx equipped with a shielded 250 MHz antenna. A 3D analysis of the GPR data supported with lithologic information indicated traces of a multi‐channel pattern. A variable orientation of sediment layering within channel bars and differences in channels depth and width pointed to changes of direction of the river bed migration. Analysis of aerial photographs and a satellite image indicated that only a few of the channels inferred from GPR could be discerned. The reason could be the more than 1 m thick fine sands layer covering all the alluvial structures. Analysis of historical maps from the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries showed that 250 years ago the Obra was a meandering river. The maps illustrate also several meander cutoffs and decreased wetlands surface. The following transformations of the river bed pattern were discerned: 1. From braided to meandering channel pattern which could be a natural process caused by climatic and sediment transport rate changes that was also observed in case of other lowland rivers. 2. From meandering to sinuous pattern with channel islands and then to sinuous with oxbow lakes. However, further research is needed to study reasons and timing of the observed changes.  相似文献   

我国创意产业发展的支撑条件评价及空间发展战略     

申玉铭  邓秀丽  任旺兵  黄霖 《地理研究》2012,31(7):1269-1279

创意产业从提出开始,就引起世界高度关注,并成为各国竞相发展的战略性产业。在新一轮的全球竞争中,各国纷纷把发展创意产业作为提升国家经济实力和软实力的重要途径。本文通过对国内外创意产业发展的空间分布特征及影响因素的梳理,总结创意产业发展的支撑条件,进一步构建了创意产业发展支撑条件的评价指标体系。运用主成分分析法对中国35个主要中心城市创意产业发展支撑条件进行了定量评价,并提出现阶段我国创意产业发展的空间战略:因地制宜、发挥特色、科学规划;聚焦若干重点创意产业集聚区的发展,增强集聚效应;强化以珠三角、长三角、京津冀三大创意产业集聚区的龙头带动作用;鼓励中西部地区以区域性中心城市为依托,将创意产业与本地产业升级的带动作用结合起来,形成各具特色的区域性创意中心。  相似文献   

近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

尹辉  杨波  蒋忠诚  曾发明  彭鹏  李景保 《地理研究》2012,31(3):471-483

以历史文献、图件及1951～2009年长系水沙等资料为依据,对比分析洞庭湖形态与水沙过程的互动响应,结果表明:由于湖泊形态与水沙过程存在着相互作用的关系,近60年间,水沙过程以多种形式改变湖泊形态特征值,如湖盆结构破碎、解体,水深变浅以及湖面﹑湖容依次减少1840km²及130×10⁸m³;同时湖泊形态特征值改变也引起水沙特性变异,在1951～2002年间湖盆蓄水量呈明显的增减波动,但同流量下汛期水位普遍抬高1.2～1.90m,西﹑南﹑东洞庭湖水位变幅依次增大1.61m、1.39m和1.35m,各主要水文站前5位最高洪水位排序的年份均出现在湖面积(容积)历史最低值,泥沙淤积率为70%以上;2003年6月三峡水库蓄水及"退田还湖"后,高、中水位下湖盆调蓄量有所减少,城陵矶丰、枯水位分别降低1.12m及0.35m,西湖区与东南湖区的泥沙输出比均呈增大趋势,泥沙淤积率减至35.9%。其互动响应机制,可概化为泥沙淤积循环→湖盆结构破碎、解体,湖面湖容缩小→水沙特性异变→改变湖泊形态→水沙特性变异的互动响应动态演进模式。  相似文献   

乡村转型发展特征评价及地域类型划分——以“苏南-陕北”样带为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

龙花楼  邹健  李婷婷  刘彦随 《地理研究》2012,31(3):495-506

以"苏南-陕北"样带为案例区,评价分析了该区2000～2005年、2005～2008年乡村转型发展态势,并揭示了样带乡村转型发展的地域空间格局。结果表明:(1)2000～2005年期间,样带各县乡村发展度普遍较低但转型度普遍较高,低水平的乡村发展度与较高转型度造成样带各县不同程度的城乡不协调发展;2005～2008年期间,样带乡村系统普遍较快发展,各地城乡系统间的差异化发展局面得到初步改善;(2)"苏南-陕北"样带乡村转型发展呈现显著的地带性演变特征,各地转型发展的特征与结果同其所处的区位条件、经济基础、发展模式、政策要求等基本属性相匹配;(3)基于样带乡村转型发展评价结果,将样带划分为8个乡村转型发展地域类型区,各类型区之间因区位条件和资源禀赋的差异而选择不同乡村转型发展模式,并由此驱动资源环境和城乡经济系统的差异性变化。  相似文献   

广东省污染密集型产业转移机制——基于2000～2009年面板数据模型的实证   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

沈静  向澄  柳意云 《地理研究》2012,31(2):357-368

全球化背景下污染密集型产业的跨国和跨地区转移成为研究的热点问题。本文采用2000～2009年广东省21个地级市的统计数据,发现其污染密集型产业其呈现"S"型的时间发展特征和"分散-集中-分散"的空间发展特征,说明广东省污染密集型产业存在空间转移的现象。建立面板数据模型分析产业空间转移的影响机制,得出如下结论:一是国际产业转移主要采取污染密集型产业出口的形式,而非FDI;二是环境管制是促进污染密集型产业由珠三角地区向非珠三角地区转移的重要驱动因素;三是影响污染密集型产业转移的主要机制是地方政府的管制,如迁入地地方政府的基础设施条件、服务水平和优惠政策等;四是低人力资本不是影响污染密集型产业转移的影响因子。最后,本研究也说明广东省仍然是国际污染密集型产业的"污染避难所",而非珠三角地区正在成为珠三角地区的"污染避难所",因此要加大产业转移中的环境监管。  相似文献